What is menopause and what are its symptoms?
Publié le 21-06-2024 et mis à jour le 03-02-2025
Menopause is a natural stage in every woman's life, marking the end of her menstrual cycles.
But what exactly is menopause? Menopause symptoms? What is menopause and what are its impacts on health and well-being?
In this article, we will explore these questions to better understand this crucial phase of a woman's life.
Summary
I. What is menopause? II. The first signs of menopause III. The symptoms of menopause 1. Vasomotor symptoms 2. Psychological symptoms 3. Genitourinary symptoms 4. Physical changes 5. Dermatological symptoms 6. Other common symptoms IV. Causes of menopause 1. Decrease in ovarian reserve 2. Decrease in sex hormones 3. Change in FSH and LH levels 4. Genetic and environmental factors 5. Role of medical interventions V. Effects on health VI. Duration VII. Manage this process Discover the range
I. What is menopause?
A. The woman and menopause
This phase of a woman's life is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation, resulting from the end of ovarian activity.
It represents a major biological transition that occurs when the ovaries gradually stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
These hormones play a crucial role in the regulation of menstrual cycles and many other bodily functions.
This transition is often seen as a significant stage of female aging, but it is above all a natural and inevitable process.
Definition of perimenopause
Premenopause is the period preceding this phase, where menstrual cycles may become irregular but are still present.
Definition of perimenopause
The transition to this life change, often called perimenopause or pre-menopause, can begin several years before menopause itself, with hormonal fluctuations causing various symptoms.
This transition period is marked by complex physiological changes that can affect women's physical and emotional well-being.
B. Hormonal changes
The hormones estrogen and progesterone, produced by the ovaries, are essential for regulating menstrual cycles and many bodily functions. The gradual decrease of these hormones is at the heart of the changes observed during this phase.
Estrogens influence not only the menstrual cycle but also bone density, body fat distribution, and cardiovascular health. Progesterone, for its part, prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.
The cessation of the production of these hormones causes various symptoms, ranging from hot flashes to mood changes, as well as changes in the skin and hair.
C. Psychological impacts
Beyond the physical effects, this biological transition can also have significant psychological repercussions. Hormonal fluctuations can lead to sleep disturbances, mood changes, and difficulties with concentration.
Women may feel a sense of loss or change in identity, as this phase marks the end of their reproductive period. Emotional support and adequate information can play a crucial role in better managing this transition.
D. The average age of onset
This physiological state generally occurs between 45 and 55 years old, but the age can vary considerably from one woman to another.
E. Early onset
In some cases, it can occur earlier, before the age of 40, which is known as premature menopause.
F. At what age and how is menopause diagnosed?
Menopause generally occurs between 45 and 55 years of age, but can vary depending on many factors, including genetics and overall health.
She is diagnosed retrospectively after twelve consecutive months without menstruation.
G. Factors influencing the age of onset
Several factors can influence the age at which a woman enters this phase. Among these, genetics plays a predominant role: women tend to experience this transition at an age similar to that of their mothers.
Lifestyle habits, such as smoking, can also have an impact. For example, smoking is associated with an earlier onset. Additionally, certain medical conditions and treatments, like chemotherapy, can accelerate the arrival of this phase.
H. The diversity of experiences
It is crucial to recognize that each woman experiences this transition differently. Some may go through this period with few symptoms, while others may experience significant changes that affect their quality of life.
This diversity of experiences highlights the importance of a personalized approach and tailored support for each woman during this period.
In summary, understanding the multiple facets of this transition allows for approaching this phase with greater serenity. The information provided helps to better prepare for and manage this natural stage of a woman's life.
II. The first signs of menopause
1. How do we know that we are entering this process?
This process is often preceded by a period called perimenopause, during which symptoms begin to appear. Menstrual cycle and cessation of periods alternate, this is the perimenopause period.
Women may notice changes in the length and regularity of their menstrual cycles. Periods may become irregular, shorter or longer, with heavier or lighter bleeding. This irregularity is often one of the first signs of the transition to menopause.
2. Calculation of the age of onset
It is difficult to predict exactly at what age a woman will enter this chapter of her life, as it depends on many factors, including genetics and overall health.
In general, women can base the age at which their mother or older sisters experienced this change to estimate their own timing. However, each woman is unique, and factors such as smoking, weight, and certain medical conditions can influence the age of onset.
3. What are the first signs?
The signs of this change: they can vary in intensity and duration.
The first signs often include hot flashes, night sweats, and sleep disturbances.
These vasomotor symptoms are caused by hormonal fluctuations and may be accompanied by mood changes, irritability, or even depression. "Brain fog," characterized by problems with concentration and memory, is also common.
Physical symptoms such as weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and joint pain may also appear. Vaginal dryness and a decrease in libido are other common signs of this transition.
4. Impact on daily life
These early signs can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting physical and emotional well-being.
Sleep disorders can lead to chronic fatigue, while hot flashes can cause discomfort in public or at work. It is important to recognize these signs and seek ways to manage them to maintain an optimal quality of life.
III. The symptoms of menopause
1. Vasomotor symptoms
Hot flashes
- Hot flashes: Sudden sensations of intense heat, often accompanied by redness and night sweats. They are caused by hormonal fluctuations affecting the temperature regulation center located in the hypothalamus. These hot flashes can occur at any time of the day or night, disrupting sleep and affecting quality of life.
Associated hot flashes
- Night sweats: Excessive sweating during the night, disturbing sleep. These night sweats can cause frequent awakenings and lead to increased fatigue, thus affecting mood and overall well-being.
Other vasomotor symptoms
- Heart palpitations: Sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeats, often felt as sudden palpitations.
- Chills: Alternating sensations of intense heat and chills, disrupting the body's thermal balance.
2. Psychological symptoms
- Sleep disorders: Insomnia or frequent nighttime awakenings, often exacerbated by hot flashes and night sweats.
- Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety, depression, and mood swings. These symptoms may be related to hormonal fluctuations and sleep disturbances.
- Difficulty concentrating and memory problems: Some women report short-term memory issues and difficulty concentrating, often referred to as "brain fog."
- Anxiety and stress: An increased feeling of stress and anxiety may occur, often exacerbated by other physical symptoms and hormonal changes.
- Depression: A feeling of persistent sadness or despair, which may require special attention and therapeutic interventions.
3. Genitourinary symptoms
Vaginal dryness
- Vaginal dryness: Decrease in natural lubrication, caused by a drop in estrogen levels, which can lead to pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia). This dryness can also increase the risk of vaginal irritation and infections.
Vaginal atrophy
- Vaginal atrophy: Thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls, making the vaginal mucosa more fragile and prone to infections. This condition can also cause vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse.
Frequent urinary tract infections
- Frequent urinary tract infections: Reduction in estrogen levels may decrease natural protection against urinary tract infections. Women may experience burning sensations during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and pelvic pain.
Urinary incontinence
- Urinary incontinence: Involuntary loss of urine due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles, often exacerbated by hormonal changes and aging.
4. Physical changes
- Weight gain: Changes in body fat distribution, with a tendency to accumulate more abdominal fat. Menopause and weight gain are often associated. This weight gain can be difficult to manage despite a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
- Bone density loss: Increased risk of osteoporosis, a condition where bones become fragile and prone to fracture. The decrease in estrogen levels directly affects bone density, making bones more susceptible to fractures and other injuries.
- Fatigue: A persistent feeling of tiredness, even after a full night's sleep. This fatigue may be due to a combination of sleep disorders, hormonal changes, and stress.
- Muscle and joint pain: Hormonal fluctuations can also cause muscle and joint pain, often described as stiffness and diffuse aches.
Physical changes also include a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in fat mass, particularly around the abdomen. The loss of muscle tone can affect posture and mobility, while the increase in fat mass can influence cardiovascular health.
5. Dermatological symptoms
Dry skin
- Dry skin: Reduction in skin elasticity and hydration, leading to dry skin and sometimes itching. The skin may become thinner and more sensitive, increasing the risk of irritation and infections.
Hair loss
- Hair loss: Thinning and loss of hair, often attributed to hormonal fluctuations. This hair loss can be diffuse or concentrated on certain areas of the scalp, affecting appearance and self-confidence.
Skin aging
- Skin aging: Increased appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, loss of firmness and skin elasticity. Reduced estrogen levels affect collagen production, which is essential for maintaining youthful and elastic skin.
Menopause symptoms can be unpleasant and affect quality of life, but there are ways to manage them effectively.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and stress management, can help alleviate these symptoms.
The effects of menopause on the body can include joint pain, a decrease in libido, and changes in the texture of the skin and hair.
Solutions like D-LAB dietary supplements can help alleviate these effects and support overall well-being during this transition.
6. Other common symptoms
- Breast sensitivity: Hormonal fluctuations can cause increased breast sensitivity, often accompanied by pain or discomfort.
- Headaches: Frequent headaches or migraines may occur, often due to hormonal fluctuations and stress.
- Palpitations: Sensations of rapid or irregular heartbeats, sometimes accompanied by dizziness or general discomfort.
Menopause can have a significant impact on women's quality of life, affecting various aspects of their physical and mental health.
Sleep disturbances, mood changes, and physical symptoms can interfere with daily activities and interpersonal relationships.
However, with appropriate support and the right management strategies, it is possible to minimize these impacts and maintain an active and fulfilling lifestyle.
IV. Causes of menopause
Menopause is a natural biological process resulting from the progressive decline of ovarian functions and associated hormone levels.
Here is a detailed explanation of the causes and the associated hormonal process:
1. Decrease in ovarian reserve
Women are born with a finite number of ovarian follicles, which contain the oocytes. Over time, these follicles decrease in number and quality.
At birth, a woman has about one million follicles, but this number drops to about 400,000 at puberty and continues to decrease with age.
At menopause, very few functional follicles remain .
The reduction of ovarian follicles is a gradual process that begins at birth and continues throughout a woman's life.
During the early years of puberty, a large number of follicles are recruited each month for maturation, but only a small number will reach ovulation.
This process of selection and follicular atresia leads to a progressive decrease in ovarian reserve. The remaining follicles become less and less sensitive to gonadotropins, resulting in a decrease in the production of estrogen and progesterone.
Many factors can influence the rate at which the ovarian reserve decreases, such as family history, lifestyle, ovarian surgeries, and certain autoimmune diseases.
Consequently, menopause can occur earlier in some women, even before the age of 40, which is known as early menopause.
2. Decrease in sex hormones
The ovaries mainly produce two hormones: estrogen and progesterone. These hormones regulate menstrual cycles and have many other functions in the body.
- Estrogen: Plays a crucial role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics, the regulation of the menstrual cycle, and has significant effects on the bones, heart, and central nervous system.
- Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for a possible pregnancy after ovulation and plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle.
With age, the ovaries produce less estrogen and progesterone. This hormonal decrease is the cause of menopause symptoms.
Initial fluctuations in estrogen levels can cause menstrual irregularities and vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes.
Estrogens also play a role in maintaining bone density, regulating collagen production for the skin and hair, as well as in lubricating mucous membranes. Their decrease can therefore have repercussions on several aspects of women's health and well-being, such as an increased risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and skin problems.
Progesterone, for its part, is mainly involved in preparing the uterus for a possible pregnancy. Its decrease leads to changes in the endometrium, which can cause irregular menstrual bleeding and other symptoms related to menopause.
3. Change in FSH and LH levels
The decline of ovarian function leads to an increase in gonadotropin levels, notably follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
The pituitary gland, in response to the decrease in estrogen levels, secretes more FSH and LH to try to stimulate the ovaries.
However, as the ovarian reserve is depleted, the ovaries become less sensitive to these hormones, leading to a persistent increase in FSH and LH levels in the blood, which is a biological marker of menopause.
FSH is primarily responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. When the ovaries no longer respond effectively to this stimulation, FSH levels increase significantly. Similarly, LH, which plays a crucial role in ovulation and progesterone production, sees its levels rise in the absence of an adequate ovarian response.
High levels of FSH and LH are often used as biological indicators of menopause. However, other factors can also influence these levels, such as stress, chronic illnesses, and certain medications. It is therefore important to consider these levels in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests for a comprehensive assessment of a woman's hormonal status.
4. Genetic and environmental factors
Besides hormonal changes, other factors can influence the age of onset and severity of menopause symptoms. Family history plays a crucial role. Women whose mothers experienced early menopause are more likely to experience early menopause themselves. Similarly, certain genetic mutations can affect ovarian function and accelerate the onset of menopause.
Environmental factors and lifestyle also have a significant impact. For example, smoking is associated with earlier menopause and more severe symptoms. Tobacco contains chemicals that accelerate the loss of ovarian follicles and reduce estrogen production. Additionally, an unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity, and chronic stress can exacerbate menopausal symptoms and affect women's quality of life during this transition.
5. Role of medical interventions
Medical interventions, such as ovarian surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can also cause premature menopause. Surgeries involving the removal of the ovaries, such as oophorectomy, lead to an immediate decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels, causing surgical menopause. Similarly, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, used to treat certain types of cancer, can damage the ovaries and reduce their ability to produce sex hormones.
It is essential for women undergoing these treatments to discuss menopause symptom management options with their healthcare professionals. Management strategies may include hormone replacement therapies, lifestyle modifications, and the use of dietary supplements to alleviate the side effects of these medical interventions.
V. Effects on health
A woman's overall health plays an important role in how she experiences menopause. Women in good health, who maintain an optimal body weight, follow a balanced diet, and regularly engage in physical activity, may experience a smoother transition and less severe symptoms. Conversely, women suffering from chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, hypertension, and autoimmune disorders, may be more vulnerable to the effects of menopause.
Hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and mental health issues such as anxiety and depression can also worsen menopause symptoms. It is therefore crucial to adopt a holistic approach to managing this transition, taking into account all aspects of health and well-being.
This natural phenomenon marking the end of a woman's reproductive period can have long-term health impacts. The effects of menopause are due to the decrease in estrogen levels, which can increase the risk of certain conditions, such as:
1. Effects on the body
- Osteoporosis: Increased bone fragility.
- Cardiovascular diseases: Increased risk of heart diseases and strokes.
- Urinary problems: Frequent urinary infections and incontinence.
2. What are the impacts on women?
The consequences of this hormonal change can include a decrease in libido, joint and muscle pain, as well as an increased risk of certain chronic diseases.
3. Does it affect the beauty of the skin and hair?
Menopause can also affect the glow of the skin and hair, leading to drier skin and hair loss.
4. What are the effects in women?
The effects of menopause in women can include changes in skin texture, decreased bone density, and weight fluctuations.
5. Effects on mental health
Menopause can also have a significant impact on mental health. Hormonal fluctuations can cause mood swings, anxiety, and even depression. Sleep disturbances, often caused by hot flashes and night sweats, can exacerbate these problems. It is crucial to take care of mental health during this period by adopting stress management strategies and consulting a professional if necessary.
6. Impact on metabolism
Menopause can slow down metabolism, leading to weight gain, mainly around the abdomen. This metabolic change is often due to decreased estrogen levels, which can also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A balanced diet and regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy weight and manage these metabolic risks.
7. Changes in joints and muscles
With menopause, some women may experience joint and muscle pain. These pains are often related to the decrease in estrogen levels, which play a role in the health of connective tissues. Regular exercise, especially activities that strengthen muscles and bones, can help alleviate these pains.
8. Cognitive health
Hormonal changes can also affect cognitive health. Some women report difficulties with concentration and memory loss, often described as "brain fog." Although these symptoms can be disturbing, they are generally temporary. Stimulating activities for the brain, such as reading, puzzles, and learning new skills, can help maintain cognitive health.
9. Sexual and intimate health
Menopause can lead to a decrease in libido and changes in sexual health. Vaginal dryness, due to decreased estrogen levels, can make sexual intercourse uncomfortable. Lubricants and vaginal moisturizers can be used to relieve these symptoms. It is also important to maintain open communication with your partner and to consult a healthcare professional for tailored advice.
10. Prevention and management of symptoms
To minimize the impacts of menopause on health, it is essential to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This includes a nutrient-rich diet, adequate hydration, regular physical exercise, and stress management techniques such as yoga and meditation. Dietary supplements can also play an important role by providing essential nutrients that support overall well-being during this life transition.
VI. Duration
1. What is the duration?
The transition period to this new phase of female life, known as perimenopause, can last from a few months to several years before reaching the final stage. This phase, characterized by a hormonal change, varies from woman to woman.
During perimenopause, hormone levels fluctuate irregularly, causing various symptoms such as hot flashes, sleep disturbances, and mood changes. This transitional period may be marked by an alternation of regular and irregular menstrual cycles until menstruation stops completely.
2. How long does menopause last?
The duration of menopause itself can vary, but it is generally considered to be reached after twelve consecutive months without menstruation.
After this period, one enters the post-menopause phase, which lasts for the rest of life. Acute symptoms like hot flashes may decrease over time, but some effects, such as loss of bone density and metabolic changes, can persist and require ongoing attention.
3. Factors influencing the duration
Several factors can influence the duration of perimenopause and menopause, including family medical history, lifestyle, and overall health status. For example, women with good physical health and healthy lifestyle habits may experience a smoother transition.
Understanding these factors and monitoring the symptoms helps to better manage this phase of life and to take appropriate measures to mitigate adverse effects.
What is menopause? What is menopause? It is a natural and inevitable phase in women's lives, bringing its share of challenges and changes. However, with proper understanding and the right tools, it is possible to navigate this period with confidence and serenity.
At D-LAB, we are dedicated to supporting you throughout this journey, offering tailored solutions to support your health and well-being.
VII. Manage this process
Several strategies can help control the symptoms of this hormonal transition and maintain a good quality of life.
At D-LAB NUTRICOSMETICS, a varied range of dietary supplements has been specially designed to support women during this transition period. These formulas are made from natural and powerful ingredients to help alleviate the various symptoms associated with this hormonal change.
In conclusion, menopause is a complex process influenced by a multitude of hormonal, genetic, environmental, and medical factors. Understanding these causes allows for better management of symptoms and promotes an optimal quality of life during this transition phase. At D-LAB NUTRICOSMETICS, high-quality dietary supplements are offered to support women's well-being and alleviate the effects of this hormonal transition.
Discover the range
How can nutrition support women during their period?
A balanced diet, rich in calcium and vitamin D, complemented by regular physical activity, is essential to strengthen women's health during this phase. Foods rich in phytoestrogens, such as flax seeds, soy, and green vegetables, can help naturally balance hormone levels. Additionally, adequate hydration and the consumption of foods rich in antioxidants can help maintain skin vitality and reduce signs of premature aging.
Which dietary supplements can help alleviate the symptoms?
Products like those offered by D-LAB can support overall well-being during this life transition. Our formulations, enriched with essential nutrients, aim to balance the effects of this hormonal upheaval. For example, the Female Cycle Complex contains specific ingredients to regulate hormonal fluctuations and reduce symptoms such as hot flashes and mood swings.
Adopt a healthy lifestyle
In addition to nutrition, adopting a healthy lifestyle is crucial for managing this phase of life. Regular exercise, such as yoga or walking, can help reduce stress and improve sleep quality. Relaxation techniques like meditation and deep breathing can also be beneficial for managing psychological symptoms such as anxiety and irritability.
Importance of hydration
Hydration plays a key role in maintaining overall health and can help alleviate certain symptoms of menopause. Drinking enough water helps prevent dry skin and itching, while promoting good digestive health. Incorporating herbal infusions, such as chamomile or green tea, can also provide additional benefits.
Emotional and social support
It is important not to underestimate the emotional impact of this transition. Seeking support from loved ones, friends, or support groups can provide a space to share experiences and find comfort. Therapy or counseling can also be valuable tools for managing the complex emotions associated with this life change.
Use of topical treatments
Skincare tailored to the needs of women during menopause can help maintain hydrated and elastic skin. The use of serums and creams rich in hyaluronic acid and antioxidants can improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.
